Evidence and references

Reviewed by James Deom, OD, MPH, FAAO, Chief of Eye Care Services. Last reviewed: November 11, 2026.

• Comparing the major GLP-1 and NAION studies — a side-by-side table, areas of agreement and disagreement, professional-group positions, and Dr. Deom’s clinical opinion.
• Master reference list

A dated “what’s new” log of regulatory and study updates is still to be written. The study comparison already notes the FDA labeling change of November 9, 2026, AAO/NANOS statements in 2026, and the EMA decision of June 2025.

Medical disclaimer. This page is for education. It is not a clinical practice guideline. Information is current as of the “last reviewed” date and may change as new research is published.